In this talk I hope to analyze the energetic, structural and kinetic foundations that stand at the basis of self-organization in many organic materials that self-assemble into ordered and useful structures at the nanoscale level. Some of these materials are useful model systems in the study of the behavior of matter in more complex (mostly biological) structures. Some others are being increasingly used for practical applications that range from the preservation and useful modification of technological surfaces and drug delivery to electronic and optoelectronic devices. Finally, some of these structures are simply beautiful constructs which we now fabricate and image with unprecedented detail in order to master these microscopic control techniques which are so young but, at the same time, so full of promise.